This standard covers a broad range of basic competences that you need to prepare and safely cast molten materials into prepared moulds, dies, or shells, manually. It will prepare you for entry into the engineering or manufacturing sector, creating a progression between education and employment, or it will provide a basis for the development of additional skills and occupational competences in the working environment.

You will be expected to prepare for the casting activities by obtaining all necessary information, documentation, materials, tools and equipment, and to plan how you intend to carry out the required casting activities.

You will be required to select the appropriate equipment to use, based on the type and amount of molten material to be cast. Both single and double pours, with ferrous or non-ferrous alloys, plastic polymers and liquid ceramics are included in this standard.

You will check that the moulds/dies/shells to be cast are positioned correctly, and are bushed up and secure. You must ensure that the casting ladles and any supporting or carrying frames are free from defects that could affect the safe operation of carrying and pouring the molten material. You will confirm that the molten material is at the required temperature and to the correct specification. You will collect the molten material from the source vessel or furnace, and skim or apply coagulant to the molten material to remove/contain impurities from the surface. You will then cast the moulds or dies in a safe manner, at the correct speed, and in the correct order. On completion of the casting activity, any surplus molten material will be disposed of safely and correctly in accordance with company procedures.

Your responsibilities will require you to comply with health and safety requirements and organisational policy and procedures for the casting activities undertaken. You will need to take account of any potential difficulties or problems that may arise with the casting activities, materials and equipment, and to seek appropriate help and advice in determining and implementing a suitable solution. You will work under a high level of supervision, whilst taking responsibility for your own actions and for the quality and accuracy of the work that you carry out.

Your underpinning knowledge will provide an understanding of your work, and will enable you to apply appropriate molten material pouring and casting procedures safely. You will understand the casting techniques used, and their application, and will know about the equipment, materials, consumables, to the required depth to provide a sound basis for carrying out the activities to the required specification.

You will understand the safety precautions required when carrying out the manual casting activities, especially those for transporting and pouring molten materials. You will be required to demonstrate safe working practices throughout. You will also understand your responsibilities for safety, and the importance of taking the necessary safeguards to protect yourself and others in the workplace.

Specific Standard Requirements

In order to prove your ability to combine different casting techniques and procedures, at least one of the components produced must be of a significant nature, and must contain two of the features listed in scope 8.

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1. work safely at all times, complying with health and safety legislation, regulations, directives and other relevant guidelines
2. plan the casting activities before you start them
3. ensure that the moulds are correctly prepared, sited and positioned ready for the casting process
4. ensure that the molten material is at the required casting temperature
5. ensure that the molten metal conforms to the required specification
6. collect and transport the molten material safely and correctly from the furnace
7. use the appropriate technique to pour the molten material into the moulds
8. produce cast components to the required specification
9. dispose of surplus material safely and correctly
10. deal promptly and effectively with problems within your control, and seek help and guidance from the relevant people if you have problems that you cannot resolve
11. leave the work area in a safe condition on completion of the casting activities

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1. the specific health and safety precautions with regard to handling and transporting molten materials (such as minimisation of dust and fume, wearing full personal protective clothing and protective equipment, and the elimination of slipping or tripping hazards)
2. the hazards associated with pouring molten materials (such as splashes and spills of molten materials; fumes; handling hot and heavy materials), and how they can be minimised
3. the personal protective equipment (PPE) to be used; how to obtain it and check that it is in a safe and usable condition
4. the importance of ensuring that fume extraction equipment is operating effectively, and that good housekeeping and fire prevention procedures are observed
5. the importance of following job instructions and defined casting procedures
6. the emergency procedures to be followed in the event of a furnace failure or malfunction in any vessel used to transport and cast molten materials
7. manual lifting techniques and requirements on acceptable weights to be handled by hand
8. the various methods of collecting molten material from the furnace or ladle, and the different types of vessels used to hold ferrous and non-ferrous metal alloys, plastic/polymer or liquid ceramic materials
9. why it is sometimes necessary for the ladles to be preheated, and the effects of using wet or untreated/cold ladles
10. why it is important to keep the ladles and molten material handling equipment clean and free from damage, to practice good housekeeping of tools and equipment, to maintain a clean and unobstructed working area, and to dispose of surplus molten material into prepared containers or areas
11. the causes of surface impurities on molten materials
12. the reasons why some impurities float on some materials and sink in others
13. methods of removing impurities from the surface of the molten materials
14. the effects on the quality of the cast components if impurities are allowed to enter the mould/die cavity
15. why the temperature of the molten material should be taken prior to the transfer from holding ladle to pouring vessel
16. the actions you need to take if the molten material is outside the required temperature range
17. the checks to be carried out on the moulds/dies/shells prior to casting (such as checking that clamps or weights are correctly positioned, downsprues are marked and pouring bushes/basins are in position, necessary filters are in place and access to moulds is clear)
18. the importance of using the correct pouring techniques and of casting at the correct speed
19. methods of pouring molten material for single operations or double pour applications
20. the defects in cast components which can be directly related to using the incorrect pouring technique, incorrect material temperature, or untreated molten material
21. how to dispose of surplus molten material (such as returning material to furnace or receiver; pouring into prepared sand beds or ingot moulds)
22. when to act on your own initiative and when to seek help and advice from others
23. the importance of leaving the work area in a safe and clean condition on completion of the casting activities (such as returning tools and equipment to the designated location, cleaning the work area, and removing and disposing of waste)

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1. Carry out all of the following during the manual casting activities:

   1. adhere to procedures or systems in place for risk assessment, COSHH, personal protective equipment (PPE) and other relevant safety regulations
   2. ensure that the work area is clear of obvious hazards
   3. follow job instructions, casting specifications and procedures
   4. confirm that the required material handling equipment is available, and is in a safe and usable condition
   5. check that any required ancillary equipment is operational (such as fume extraction equipment, inhibitor gas supply and molten material treatment equipment)
   6. return all tools and equipment to the correct location on completion of the casting activities

2. Check that the moulds/dies are complete and ready for casting, to include carrying out all of the following checks:

   1. appropriate clamps and/or weights are in position
   2. downsprues are marked, and pouring bushes/basins are in position and free from obstructions
   3. any necessary filters are in place
   4. access to the moulds/dies/shells is clear
   5. containers for surplus molten material are prepared and positioned conveniently in relation to the mould/dies/shells

3. Prepare the molten material ladles/handling equipment, to include carrying out all of the following:

   1. checking that the ladle is the correct size for the amount of material to be poured
   2. checking that the ladle/lining is in a safe condition and is complete and dry
   3. ensuring that any necessary pre-heating has been carried out

4. Collect the molten material and carry out all of the following melt checks/procedures, as appropriate to the melt:

   1. making temperature checks
   2. take samples for chemical composition checks              
   3. applying coagulant material
   4. skimming of the melt to remove slag and other impurities  
   5. using inhibitor materials or gas

5. Produce cast components from one of the following:

   1. ferrous alloys   
   2. non-ferrous alloys   
   3. plastics/polymers      
   4. liquid ceramics

6. Transfer and pour the molten material into moulds/dies, using one of the following:

   1. single operation          
   2. double pour

7. Cast molten materials into one of the following:

   1. sand moulds
   2. metal moulds/dies
   3. shells (investment process)

8. Produce cast components which contain two of the following features:

   1. faces that are flat, square or angled to each other
   2. have round, curved or contoured surfaces
   3. have slots or holes

9. Produce cast components which comply with all of the following:

   1. complete and free from obvious defects (such as blow holes, impurities, cracks, damaged or deformed surfaces)
   2. meet the required specification (such as shape, dimensional accuracy)
   3. meet company standards and procedures

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​Additional Information

You will be able to apply the appropriate behaviours required in the workplace to meet the job profile and overall company objectives, such as:

• strong work ethic
• positive attitude
• team player
• dependability
• responsibility
• honesty
• integrity
• motivation
• commitment

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3

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31 Mar 2020

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Current

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Original

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Semta

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SEMPEO2-50

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Engineering, Engineering and Manufacturing Technologies

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5221

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engineering; engineering operations; producing cast components; molten materials; prepared moulds; dies; shells; manually; manufacturing; ladles

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