Apply core land-based engineering principles: servicing and maintenance

This standard covers the application of core land-based engineering principles, specifically servicing and maintenance. It includes the necessity for servicing and maintenance, the construction and function of service components and the skills required to carry out servicing and maintenance including, cleaning before, during and after, protecting machinery and property from damage, changing and cleaning service items, bleeding and priming fuel, oil, cooling, hydraulic, pneumatic and heating systems, sealing service components, checking machine operation against manufacturers' criteria and making adjustments.

It also covers the inspection and performance testing of machinery for non-conformity, abuse, serviceability, additional repair work, leaks and wear.

When working with machinery or equipment you should be trained and hold current certification, where required, in accordance with the relevant legislation.

When working on high voltage (hazardous voltage/HaV) electric vehicles, de-energising must be done by a person who has been trained in accordance with the manufacturer’s procedures.

This standard is for those who work in land-based engineering under supervision.

Note – in accordance with current regulations, mains electricity work must be carried out by a competent person, usually an electrician.

1. be aware of the hazards and risks associated with the activity and the location where it is to be carried out
2. be aware of the potential environmental impact associated with the activity and ways in which this can be controlled
3. select and wear suitable clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE)
4. select, prepare, use, maintain, and store the tools and equipment required to carry out the activity in accordance with the relevant legal requirements, manufacturer's instructions and company practices
5. check that the land-based equipment requiring servicing and maintenance is safe and isolated from power sources, where required, before work commences
6. carry out visual inspection of the land-based equipment and examine the relevant data to assess the requirements for servicing and maintenance 
7. identify and establish the availability of serviceable items required for the work
8. prepare the land-based equipment and the working area prior to carrying out servicing and maintenance
9. take the necessary precautions to prevent the escape of chemicals, gases and other substances and minimise dangers from contamination and hazards, where required
10. apply core land-based engineering principles to service and maintain land-based equipment in line with manufacturer’s requirements and schedules
11. clean or change serviceable items
12. check the level, integrity and suitability of fluids for the application and drain and replace when required
13. change and refit filters and seals
14. remove and replace failed components
15. check and adjust components to required tolerances
16. reinstate land-based equipment to their correct operational condition following servicing and maintenance
17. confirm that equipment is correctly set or calibrated following servicing and maintenance
18. carry out inspections and assessments of equipment to verify their conformity to manufacturer’s specifications and customer requirements, following servicing and maintenance 
19. check that trailed implements that will be used on public highways meet legal requirements
20. carry out performance and operational tests, related to the work that has been performed, on completion of servicing and maintenance, 
21. leave the workplace in a safe condition following completion of the activity
22. deal with the different types of waste, including hazardous and non-hazardous, caused by the activity, in accordance with instructions and the relevant legal and environmental requirements
23. complete records as required in accordance with company instructions

1. the hazards and risks associated with land-based engineering
2. the type of clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) suitable for the activity
3. the tools and equipment required to carry out the activity and how to select, prepare, use, maintain and store these safely and correctly, in accordance with  the manufacturer's instructions and company practices
4. the reasons for servicing and maintenance and the actions to be taken at different maintenance intervals
5. how to assess the servicing and maintenance requirements for land-based equipment, including observation and visual inspection, interrogating fault codes and checking other relevant data 
6. the serviceable items required to carry out the servicing and maintenance and the procedures for obtaining these
7. how to prepare land-based equipment prior to servicing and maintenance 
8. the methods used to clean and protect equipment before and during servicing and maintenance, avoiding paint, trim and bodywork damage, and avoiding the introduction of contaminates
9. the hazardous chemicals, gases and other substances that may be present and how they should be dealt with
10. how to deal with spills of chemicals and hazardous materials
11. the procedures for draining fluids and collecting samples for analysis
12. the methods of evacuating air from fuel, cooling, heating and braking systems and the removal of water from fuel systems, hydraulic and pneumatic circuits, when carrying out servicing and maintenance 
13. the methods of detecting and eliminating leakages
14. the types of filters, their construction, function and service requirements
15. the types of seals, their construction, function and fitting
16. how to remove and replace failed components
17. how to check and carry out adjustments
18. what is meant by the terms “running in” and “bedding in”
19. how to reinstate land-based equipment to its correct operational condition following servicing and maintenance, including resetting service logs
20. the methods for setting or calibrating equipment following servicing and maintenance 
21. the methods used to performance test equipment after servicing and maintenance 
22. the legal implications of modifying falling object protection systems (FOPS) or roll-over protection systems (ROPS)  
23. the importance of leaving the workplace in a safe condition following completion of the activity
24. how to deal with the different types of waste, including hazardous and non-hazardous, caused by the activity, in accordance with instructions and the relevant legal and environmental requirements 
25. the potential impact that the activity could have on the environment and the ways in which this can be controlled
26. the records that need to be completed and the company procedure for these

• adjustments e.g. belt and chain tensions, clearances, cables and linkage settings, tracking
• conformity to manufacturer’s specifications - e.g. unauthorised modification, excessive loading, poor maintenance, incorrect operator settings, incorrect operation
• fluids e.g. fuel, oil, brake fluid, coolants 
• leakages e.g. fuel, oil, air, water, gases and compression
• maintenance intervals e.g. daily, weekly, monthly, annually and at scheduled operating hours
• implications of modifying e.g. integrating external equipment and services, drilling, welding
• prepare e.g. clean, protect, make safe, verify specification etc. 
• reasons for servicing and maintenance operations e.g. preparation of new and used machinery, scheduled servicing, urgent maintenance, preparation for out of season storage or use after storage
• tests e.g. road/field test, deceleration, power, pressure, flow
• types of filters e.g. screen, suction filter, high pressure filter, centrifugal filter, oil bath, water trap, pre-cleaner, carbon filters, ventilation filters